Kaylee
Enzyme's
1) Enzymes are Protein
2) Enzymes are Biological catalysts
3) Catalyst is chemical that speed up chemical reactions
4) Therefor, enzymes speed up chemical reaction
5)Enzymes do not get used up, they keep going
6) in animals, there are digestive enzymes to help break down food
a) Lactose: breaks down lactose
b) Amylase: breakdowns starch
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7) Enzymes end in Ase
8)Enzymes lower the activation energy which is the energy to start a reaction
9) substrates = reactants
10) Enzymes have a specific substrate that can bind with it.
a) Lock & key
11) Active site is where the substrate binds to enzyme
12) Lactase converts Lactose to Glucose and Galactose
13) Enzymes have an ideal environmental when it comes to the temperature and PH
14) Enzymes are in very hot/acid environments, the enzyme denatures (breaks down) and changes shape
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Enzymes play an important role in the digestion of food in our body. They are found in the saliva, pancreas, stomach, and small intestines. Enzymes are even used in industries such as food processing, paper industries, and detergents. Enzymes are also pH specific.
Different Types of Enzymes
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Oxidoreductase/dehydrogenase: These are the enzymes that help to catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions that involve the transfer of electrons. Here one compound is oxidized and the other is reduced. Examples: oxidases, reductases, dehydrogenases, catalases.
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Ligases: These enzymes are mainly responsible for bonding two substrates which then form a large molecule. They make covalent bonds. These enzymes catalyze by joining C-O, C-S, C-N, etc. bonds. Example: Ligase, RUBP carboxylase.
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Transferase: As the name suggests these enzymes are responsible for catalyzing the transfer of specific substances other than hydrogen from one substrate to another. Example: Transaminase, kinase.
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Hydrolases: These enzymes help by catalyzing the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules along with the addition of water. Example: Protease, amylase, maltase, nucleases.
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Lyases: These enzymes work without the use of water molecules. They catalyze the cleavage of the substrate into two parts. When a group is removed, a double bond is formed at its place. Example: Aldolase, decarboxylase, carbonic anhydrase, etc.
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Isomerase: As the name suggests these enzymes help in catalyzing the molecular structure to form isomers. They are molecules that have similar chemical formulas but different arrangements. Example: Isomerase.
