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Passive / Active Transport 

Active and passive transport are the two main biological processes that play a crucial role in supplying nutrients, oxygen, water and other essential molecules to the cells along with the elimination of waste products. In essence, active and passive transport work for the same goals/ purposes, but with different movement.

Active Transport 

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  • Active transport requires energy. 

  • Active transport goes from low to high. 

  • ATP is adenosine triphosphate.

  • 3 types of active transport

       1) ATP pump 

       2) Endocytosis 

       3) Exocytosis

  • Example of ATP pump is sodium potassium pump 

  • Uses Atp to pump Avet ions out of the cell going from low to high concentration. 

  • Endocytosis

  • Enters the cell via a vesicle. 

  • phagocytosis is when a cell "eats" large particles. 

  • Example- white blood cell eats and destroys bacteria. 

  • Exocytosis 

  • exit the cell via a vesicle. 

  • Example- hevva cells releasing chemical signals to the next nerve cell 

  • How does endocytosis and exocytosis differ from diffusion? Answer- Endocytosis and exocytosis go from low to high to vesicles. 

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Passive Transport 

  • ​Passive transport requires no energy 

  • passive transport is considered the following 3 methods      

  •  1) osmosis                                                                                             2) diffusion                                                                                       3) facilitated diffusion 

  • (1) osmosis is movement of water from high to low concentration 

  • (2) diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration through the semipermeable membrane 

  • (3) facilitated diffusion is the movement of particles from high to low concentration via a protein channel into the cell membrane

  • Diffusion deals with small nonpolar molecules 

  • facilitated diffusion deals with small polar molecules by using channel protein.

  • vesicle deal with large molecules to move through the cell

  • Hypertonic solution/cell has higher concentration of solute and low of water. 

  • Hypotonic solution/cell has low concentration of solute and high of water.    

  • Isotonic solution/cell has equal concentration of solute and equal  of  water.  

  • If a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the water will leave and the cell causing the cell to shrink and shrivel 

  • If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, then the water will enter the cell causing the cell to grow and potentially burst.

  • If a cell is placed in isotonic solution, the water will enter and leave the cell causing the cell to stay the same and reach homeostasis.

  • cell membrane is described as fluid- mosaic model balanced 

 

 

 

 

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